For our kids, disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are likely more than just that – temporary inconveniences, varying in severity, until life goes back to “normal.” Besides missing out on once-in-a-lifetime events, like graduations, birthdays and other milestones – at least in a way they would traditionally be observed – regular human interactions, part of social and emotional development, have changed. While adults may be experiencing a serious blip on the radar, children may be experiencing an interruption in brain development and/or lack the ability to fully cope in this unchartered territory.

In this post, we will contemplate these issues and draw on knowledge from Magellan Healthcare’s recently updated clinical monograph, Understanding and Meeting the Needs of Children and Adolescents at High Risk, which highlights evidence-based prevention and treatment approaches for problematic behaviors and various types of behavioral health challenges in children and adolescents.

As we think about the significance of childhood development, the following points from Magellan’s monograph provide insights:

A growing body of scientific information has confirmed the importance of the first five years of life, when the ongoing construction of brain architecture impacts youth social and emotional development, the ability to learn new behavior and skills, and how the youth evolves into adolescence.

Advances in neuroscience have contributed new understanding of adolescent development. During adolescence, the brain experiences a period of major development comparable to that of early childhood.

With much changing in our kids’ lives and environment – virtual schooling, modified in-person play arrangements with friends and reduced time with extended family – the responsibility falls on parents and caregivers, as it always does, to ensure their child’s wellbeing and adjustment. Magellan’s monograph offers the following to ponder:

While genes determine when specific brain circuits are formed, experiences actually shape their formation and are fueled by a self-initiated, inborn drive toward competence. This phenomenon depends on appropriate sensory input and stable, responsive relationships whereby adults respond to a child’s natural reaching out for interaction.

However, when parents are under unprecedented stress and often just trying to make ends meet, attending to their child’s increasing needs can understandably be overwhelming. In addition to the role of parent and full-time employee, many adults have taken on the additional roles of teacher, daycare worker and entertainer, to name a few. In some cases, however, a parent’s struggles may lead to neglect of their children. Magellan’s monograph highlights the following of child neglect:

While child abuse is more widely acknowledged and publicized, child neglect is, in fact, the most common type of child maltreatment, which frequently goes underreported. Expanding on the earlier discussion of impaired brain development, it is now understood that lack of stimulation and necessary care early in life may cause children to remain in a state of “hyperarousal” (i.e., constantly anticipating threats and/or experiencing dissociation) rather than a normal state of attentive calm. This phenomenon leads to a decreased ability to benefit from social, emotional and cognitive experiences and results in other psychosocial consequences. Together with insecure attachments, this state of hyperarousal can significantly affect normal growth and development.

Many parents are also managing their own mental health conditions and substance use disorder during the pandemic, which adds to the impact of what children and adolescents are experiencing themselves. The monograph outlines the risks for children of these parents:

There are many serious risks to children and adolescents who have a parent or both parents with mental illness. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) calls attention to the strong genetic predisposition in children for inheriting bipolar disorder, an anxiety disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, alcoholism or other SUD, or depression. Recent studies have also demonstrated delayed brain development in young children of depressed mothers. Further, the AACAP notes the additional stress that mental illness places on a marriage and parenting abilities of the couple, and the risks that stem from an inconsistent, unpredictable family environment that can contribute to psychiatric illness and developmental delays in children.

It’s also appropriate to consider the older children and young adults who may lack the ability to cope with increased stress and instability. Magellan’s monograph calls attention to recent research:

A CDC report on mental health, substance use and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic shows that while 11% of adults seriously contemplated suicide in June 2020, the same was disproportionately reported by young people aged 18 to 24 (26%).

During these difficult times, we’re all doing the best we can. And we know that brighter days are on the horizon. Until then, and always, as we’re helping ourselves and our children through, let’s remember that “information is power,” as they say. To that effect, we encourage you to learn more in our full children’s clinical monograph here.

With the hope of a vaccine on the horizon, it is important to keep in mind that the global pandemic is still prevalent. It will take time for these vaccines to reach the general population, and the first recipients will be front-line medical workers and at-risk populations. Although the introduction of a vaccine is great news, we must stay vigilant in our efforts to end COVID-19 and that’s where social responsibility comes in. Social responsibility is the obligation of everyone in a community to make decisions that benefit society at large. It is important to remember that your actions can protect you, the ones you love and the community.

Here are five key ways to be socially responsible while we continue to fight the COVID-19 pandemic:

1. Stay home, if possible – remaining at home to keep yourself and others safe is important, but can also cause severe loneliness. Remember that physical distance does not have to mean complete isolation. Keep in touch with loved ones through phone or video calls, spend time searching for meaningful gifts or messages you can send them, or even get together and enjoy a physically distanced outdoor meal.
2. Practice good hygiene – remember to wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds to keep germs at bay. Make sure to do this before you eat, after using the restroom, and after blowing your nose, sneezing, or coughing. If you cannot wash with soap and water, hand sanitizer is a good alternative. Avoid touching your face, and regularly clean and disinfect high-touch areas.
3. Wear a mask — masks help slow the spread of coronavirus and protect both the person wearing the mask and those around you. Find a comfortable, fun mask that suits you!
4. Perform acts of kindness – support those who are most vulnerable in your community. There are many acts of kindness you can do during this time – run errands for an elderly neighbor, send handwritten cards to a nursing home, donate food to your local food bank. Helping others will put a smile on your face, too!
5. Show gratitude – many front-line workers have been working diligently since the pandemic began. Be grateful for those who serve our community, such as healthcare workers, childcare professionals, teachers, and other essential workers. You can even make a difference by offering to help provide childcare for essential workers, or making homemade masks or meals to give out.

We have come a long way in this pandemic and need to work together to bring it to an end. Do your part to stay healthy and be socially responsible.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a substantial toll on human life, not to mention our way of life. With over 14 million confirmed global cases and the death toll approaching 612,000, it is one of the most significant crises in recent history. In the United States (US), the country with the most cases and deaths, confirmed cases exceed 3.8 million and over 141,000 deaths have been reported as a result of this outbreak. As cases surge in certain parts of the country and the world, safe and effective vaccines and therapies are crucial to combatting this virus.  

Currently, there are no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Over 200 agents are being evaluated to treat the virus. These include new emerging molecular entities as well as approved drugs that are already available to treat other conditions and now being repurposed for COVID-19. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 24 vaccine candidates have entered human trials and over 140 vaccine hopefuls are in preclinical evaluation.

Scientists around the world are working tirelessly to discover a vaccine for COVID-19. Vaccines candidates go through many stages of study. The average time to develop a vaccine ranges from 10 to 15 years. The Ebola vaccine, newly-minted in December 2019, only took about 6 years to be approved, whereas an HIV/AIDS vaccine has still not come to market after about 40 years. Given this pandemic’s magnitude, extraordinary measures from public and private stakeholders have been introduced to accelerate vaccine development.

COVID-19 has presented us with many challenges. Mitigation measures and safe and effective vaccines and treatments are key to restoring a new normalcy.

Anyone who has gone through a traumatic event can develop symptoms of stress disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).  Although the COVID-19 pandemic in general would not meet the criteria for formally causing a stress disorder, many of the same issues can result from such a widespread and overwhelming event.

The pandemic could be viewed as a long-term stress event.  It has become life-changing for the whole world.  As COVID-19 spreads across the globe, people may experience increased anxiety and fear triggered by the pandemic and constant news. In addition, the pandemic can be traumatizing for others: healthcare workers, people who have lost friends and loved ones, and people whose lives have drastically changed.

What are stress-related disorders?

Stress-related disorders can occur after you have been through a traumatic event. A traumatic event is something horrible and scary that you see or that happens to you. During this type of event, you think that your life or others’ lives are in danger. You may feel afraid or feel that you have no control over what is happening. These symptoms can change your behavior and how you live your life.

How can reaction to the COVID pandemic be similar to a stress disorder?

When you struggle with a stress disorder, it can be hard to anticipate when anxiety or depressive symptoms may flare up. Although it may appear that symptoms come out of nowhere, in most cases they are cued by factors called triggers. Internal triggers are the feelings, thoughts, memories, emotions, and bodily sensations that you feel or experience. External triggers are the people, places, and situations that can bring back memories of the traumatic event.  In the current environment this could be caused by news reports, social media or discussion with friends or family.

The first thing to realize is that many fears are unwarranted; anxiety may arise when you are in a completely safe environment. When you begin to despair or your fears consumer you, try to remember that your worries and fears may be extreme because of previous experiences and not current facts. Once you’ve realized what may trigger these fears and anxiety, you can begin to try to deal with them.

How to cope with stress-related symptoms amid COVID-19

• Cultivate ways to be calmer. It’s understandable to feel anxious and worried about what may happen. While circumstances may be stressful and beyond your control, you can try to offset them with positive, calming activities. Practice slow, steady breathing and muscle relaxation, as well as any other actions that are calming for you (yoga, exercise, music, keeping the mind occupied).
• Understand what is within your control. Accept circumstances that cannot be changed and focus on what you can do. Evaluate your risk of contracting the virus, practice social distancing and follow clinical guidance on other practices. If you are in quarantine or isolation, do things that can support your mental health.¹ Focusing on what you can control and do can help you deal with the unknown.
• Remain hopeful. Keep a long-term perspective. Look for opportunities to practice being more patient or kind with yourself, or to see the situation as an opportunity to learn or build strengths. Celebrate successes, find things to be grateful about, and take satisfaction in completing tasks, even small ones. Remember that this will not last forever.
• Lean on your network. Make the most of technology and stay in touch with colleagues, friends and family via phone calls, texts, social media and video conferencing. Consider joining a free support group online to stay connected.² If you have a therapist, try to continue your treatment by phone or online.
• Focus on the potential positives. Try and focus on the things that can be viewed positively such as spending more time with family and a experiencing a potential to grow. Many times, going through a stressful time like this can lead to post-traumatic growth. This growth can be seen as though the stressful event was a trial or challenge that you conquered, something you learned from and became more resilient through. Sometimes stress can stimulate personal growth and improved overall coping.

For more information and tips, www.MagellanHealthcare.com/COVID-19.

While the pandemic may be causing you and your loved one feelings of anxiety and apprehension, now is a good time to look for reasons to be happy. Practice these tips to nurture yourself, improve your mood and help others.

1. Be kind. Call your friends and neighbors. Maintain social distancing, but smile to all the grocery workers who are keeping the shelves stocked. Ask an elderly neighbor if they need anything. An act of kindness boosts serotonin, a natural antidepressant in your brain, in both you and others.

2. Be thankful. Don’t rush through your daily interactions on autopilot. Slow down and notice when someone is kind to you, even in the smallest way, and show them your appreciation. When you practice thankfulness, you become more positive; that helps others feel good too.

3. Deepen your connections: Share your feelings about this experience with those closest to you. Encourage each other to make the best of this moment in time, and come up with a game plan to support each other moving forward.

4. Move your body. Exercise is vital to maintaining physical and mental health. Get your heart pumping by taking a walk in your neighborhood, going on a hike in nature or using an app for a guided training or yoga session. If you do go outside for a walk, maintain social distancing.

5. Write down your thoughts. Keeping a journal is a powerful way to get perspective. Clarifying your thoughts and feelings on paper helps you get to know yourself better and release the stresses of daily life.

6. Meditate. All you need to do is sit quietly for a few minutes, breathe deeply and let your mind relax. Meditation alleviates anxiety and helps you get in touch with your inner self, helping you face the world in a centered and focused way. Find free guided meditation sessions online.

7. Determine what is really bothering you. Vague worries are harder to manage because they are all jumbled together. Try to get clear on what you are specifically concerned about. Finding the root of the worry helps you figure out what to do about it.

8. Play games. Engaging in a game with others online, or even by yourself on your phone, helps you take your mind off other things. Give yourself permission to have some fun.

9. Dine Well. Have fun with food. Make your favorite recipes. Set the table with your finest dishes. Cook a meal with others. If you live alone, share pictures with friends for fun.

10. Remind yourself that this will pass. Try and come to terms with what you can’t control, and focus on what you can do to move through this time in a positive way. Draw on skills you have used during other difficult times, and remember how those times eventually passed by.

For more information and tips, visit MagellanHealthcare.com/COVID-19.